Strategy of the diagnosis and treatment for epistaxis and guideline for clinical application of MasterPillar / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Epistaxis is a common otorhinolaryngological emergency with complex etiological factors and varied clinical manifestations. The key to epistaxis treatment is accurate diagnosis and adequate hemostasis. Electrocoagulation is a reliable, safe and effective treatment for epistaxis. However, there are still several deficiencies in application of the commonly used electrocoagulation surgical products. This paper introduces a new type of radiofrequency head incorporating the dynamic circulatory functions of drip, irrigation, hemostasis and aspiration. We aim to achieve noninvasive, effective and accurate hemostasis in the treatment of epistaxis or nasal sinus surgery.

Thermocoagulation as a Surgical Approach for the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Refractory Patients: Systematic Review

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a disabling chronic neuropsychiatric disease, entails high economic costs to society and has high morbidity and mortality rates. The first-line treatments for OCD are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitivebehavioral therapy. However, this disorder has the highest refractory index to noninvasive treatment. Alternatively, ablative thermocoagulation neurosurgical techniques have shown efficacy and few adverse effects. The present systematic review aimed to identify validated protocols to observe the effectiveness of ablative procedures in the treatment of severe and refractory OCD, as well as their possible adverse effects and benefits. This review supports the effectiveness of ablative methods by presenting them as a safe non-experimental therapeutic option for cases of highlyrefractory OCD. Additional relevant findings were the improvement in cognitive function, functional capacity, affective orientation, and quality of life, which contribute to the destigmatization of this surgical technique. Further controlled studies may lead to the individualization of recommendations of targets for ablative thermocoagulation.

Sinais e sintomas relacionados à exposição à fumaça cirúrgica: revisão integrativa / Signs and symptoms related to surgical smoke exposure: integrative review / Signos y síntomas relacionados con la exposición al humo quirúrgico: revisión integrativa

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre os sinais e sintomas relacionados à exposição à fumaça cirúrgica em trabalhadores do bloco operatório. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca nas seguintes bases de dados: Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Web Of Science e SCOPUS. Resultados: Foram 1.351 estudos pré-selecionados, sendo 4 por busca manual. Ao fim, obtiveram-se cinco artigos para análise. Os sinais e sintomas encontrados foram: tosse, ardência de faringe, espirros, rinite, lesão nasofaringe, sensação de corpo estranho na garganta, congestão nasal, inflamação das vias aéreas, lacrimejamento dos olhos, náuseas, vômitos, dor abdominal, fraqueza, cãibra, cefaleia, sonolência, tonturas, irritabilidade, desconforto (como mau cheiro na roupa). Conclusão: Observaram-se grandes avanços nas pesquisas propostas, estudos que embasam a intensidade dos sinais e sintomas e orientação dos riscos nocivos que proporcionem aos gestores conhecimento e fundamentação científica para futuras intervenções tanto contra a proteção ao trabalhador como para prevenção de risco no ambiente de trabalho.

Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence available in the literature on signs and symptoms related to surgical smoke exposure among surgical block workers. Method: This integrative literature review searched the following databases: MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Web of Science, and Scopus. Results: A total of 1,351 studies were pre-selected, 4 of which were found by manual search. In the end, five articles were analyzed. The signs and symptoms identified were: cough, burning sensation in the pharynx, sneezing, rhinitis, nasopharyngeal lesion, foreign body sensation in the throat, nasal congestion, airway inflammation, lacrimation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness, muscle cramp, headache, drowsiness, lightheadedness, irritability, discomfort (such as unpleasant smell in clothes). Conclusion: Great advances have been detected in the studies proposed. These investigations lay the foundation for the intensity of signs and symptoms and the orientation regarding harmful risks, providing managers with the knowledge and scientific basis for future interventions, both to protect the team and to prevent risks in the work environment.

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica disponible en la literatura sobre signos y síntomas relacionados con la exposición al humo quirúrgico en trabajadores de quirófano. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, buscando en las siguientes bases de datos: Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Web Of Science y SCOPUS. Resultados: Hubo 1.351 estudios preseleccionados, cuatro por búsqueda manual. Al final, se obtuvieron cinco artículos para su análisis. Los signos y síntomas encontrados fueron: tos, ardor faríngeo, estornudos, rinitis, lesión nasofaríngea, sensación de cuerpo extraño en la garganta, congestión nasal, inflamación de las vías respiratorias, lagrimeo de los ojos, náuseas, vómitos, dolor abdominal, debilidad, calambres, dolor de cabeza, somnolencia, mareos, irritabilidad, malestar como mal olor en la ropa. Conclusión: Hubo grandes avances en la investigación propuesta, estudios que apoyan la intensidad de los signos y síntomas y orientaciones sobre riesgos nocivos que brinden a los gestores conocimiento y fundamento científico para futuras intervenciones, tanto contra la protección del trabajador como para la prevención de riesgos en el entorno laboral.

Termocoagulación por radiofrecuencia de ganglio de Gasser para el tratamiento de neuralgia trigeminal, resultados de 11 años / Gasser's ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, 11-year results

Objetivos: Describir resultados de los últimos 11 años en el tratamiento de neuralgia del trigémino con termocoagulación por radiofrecuencia, analizar variables relacionadas a complicaciones y resultados. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, longitudinal, comparativo y analítico. Se analizaron los resultados de los últimos 11 años de nuestro servicio evaluando las temperaturas de las lesiones armando dos grupos, de 65°C-70°C y 71°C-75°C para analizar su relación con resultados y complicaciones. Resultados: Se trataron 59 pacientes en los cuales se realizaron 74 procedimientos, la edad media fue 59.22 años (±13,45). Se observó recidiva en 23 procedimientos con una tasa global de 31%. El tiempo medio de recidiva fue de 28,19 meses (±26,21). El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 33,10 meses (±33,49). El tiempo medio de evolución del dolor, previo al primer procedimiento, fue de 5,35 años (±4,37). Analizando los grupos se observó que no existía relación significativamente estadística (p = 0,74) entre el grupo de pacientes de 65ºC-70ºC y el grupo de 71ºC-75ºC y recidiva. No se observó relación estadísticamente significativa entre el grupo de 65ºC-70ºC y el grupo de 71ºC-75ºC y tiempo de recidiva (p=0,12). Se observó más pacientes con hipoestesia inmediata en el grupo de pacientes de 65ºC-70ºC, sin significación estadística (p=0,47). Conclusión: La termocoagulación por radiofrecuencia de ganglio de Gasser es un procedimiento accesible, mínimamente invasivo que demostró buenos resultados y buen manejo del dolor con bajo índice de complicaciones.

Objectives: Describe results of the last 11 years in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with radiofrequency thermocoagulation, analyze variables related to complications and results. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive, longitudinal, comparative and analytical study. The results of the last 11 years of our service were analyzed by assessing the temperatures of the lesions by assembling two groups, 65° C-70° C and 71 ° C-75° C to analyze their relationship with results and complications. Results: 59 patients were treated in which 74 procedures were performed; the mean age was 59.22 years (± 13.45). Recurrence was observed in 23 procedures with an overall rate of 31%. The average recurrence time was 28.19 months (± 26.21). The average follow-up time was 33.10 months (± 33.49). The average time of pain evolution, prior to the first procedure, was 5.35 years (± 4.37). Analyzing the groups, it was observed that there was no significant statistical relationship (p = 0.74) between the group of patients from 65ºC-70ºC and the group from 71ºC-75ºC and recurrence. No statistically significant relationship was observed between the 65ºC-70ºC group and the 71ºC-75ºC group and recurrence time (p = 0.12). More patients with immediate hypoaesthesia were observed in the group of patients from 65ºC-70ºC, without statistical significance (p = 0.47). Conclusion: Gasser's ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation is an accessible, minimally invasive procedure that demonstrated good results and good pain management with a low complication rate

Comparison of postoperative morbidity between conventional cold dissection and bipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy: which technique is better? / Comparação da morbidade pós-operatória entre tonsilectomia por dissecção a friotradicional e por eletrocautério bipolar: qual técnica é a melhor?

Abstract Introduction Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgeries in the head and neck worldwide. This operation is carried out by different methods, the most frequent of which are the cold dissection and bipolar electrocautery techniques. Objective This study was conducted to assess and compare postoperative morbidity between cold dissection and bipolar electrocautery. Methods This prospective randomized clinical trial was performed on 534 patients who underwent tonsillectomy in Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Birjand, east of Iran from October, 2013 to October, 2015. The patients were systematically selected for cold dissection technique or bipolar electrocautery technique groups. Time of surgery, amount of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hemorrhage, the intensity of local pain 4 and 24 hours after operation and nausea and/or vomiting were recorded and compared in the two groups to decide which technique is better. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (ver-22). The p-value less than 0.5 was considered significant. Results In this study, 51.7% of the cold dissection technique patients and 50.6% of the bipolar electrocautery technique participants were male. Compared to the cold dissection technique, the average intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the bipolar electrocautery technique group, while the intensity of local pain 4 and 24 hours after the operation was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Other variables showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion Based on the findings of the present investigation, the bipolar electrocautery technique is suggested for tonsillectomy in children, while the cold dissection technique is preferred for adult patients.

Resumo Introdução A tonsilectomia é uma das cirurgias mais comuns de cabeça e pescoço em todo o mundo. Essa cirurgia é feita por diferentes métodos, os mais frequentes são a dissecção a frio e por eletrocauterização bipolar. Objetivo Este estudo foi feito para avaliar e comparar a morbidade pós-operatória na dissecção a frio e eletrocauterização bipolar. Método Este ensaio clínico prospectivo e randomizado foi feito em 534 pacientes submetidos a tonsilectomia no Vali-e-Asr Hospital de Birjand, no leste do Irã, de outubro de 2013 a outubro de 2015. Os pacientes foram selecionados de forma sistemática para o grupo submetido à técnica de dissecção a frio ou para o grupo com uso da técnica de eletrocauterização bipolar. Para a avaliação acerca da melhor técnica, os seguintes parâmetros foram registrados e comparados entre os dois grupos: tempo de cirurgia, quantidade de perda sanguínea intraoperatória, hemorragia pós-operatória, intensidade da dor local 4 e 24 horas após a cirurgia e ocorrência de náuseas e/ou vômitos. Os dados foram analisados no software SPSS (versão 22). O valor de p inferior a 0,5 foi considerado significante. Resultados Neste estudo, 51,7% dos participantes do grupo técnica de dissecção a frio e 50,6% do grupo técnica de eletrocauterização bipolar eram do sexo masculino. No grupo operado pela técnica de eletrocauterização bipolar a média de perda sanguínea intraoperatória foi significantemente menor (p < 0,001) em comparação à técnica de dissecção a frio, enquanto a intensidade da dor local 4 e 24 horas após a cirurgia foi significativamente maior (p < 0,001). As outras variáveis não apresentaram diferenças significantes entre os dois grupos. Conclusão Com base nos achados da presente investigação, para a tonsilectomia em crianças sugere-se o uso da técnica de eletrocauterização bipolar, enquanto a técnica de dissecção a frio é recomendada para pacientes adultos.

Absceso retrofaríngeo por fístula congénita del seno piriforme en una adolescente / Retropharyngeal abscess due to a congenital pyriform sinus fistula in a teenager

Arch Argent Pediatr 2020;118(1):e81-e84 / e81Presentación de casos clínicosRESUMENLas fístulas del seno piriforme son anomalías poco frecuentes de los arcos branquiales. La forma de presentación más común en los niños y los adolescentes es la tiroiditis aguda supurada y/o los abscesos cervicales laterales recurrentes. Sin embargo, las fístulas se pueden manifestar de forma atípica. La rareza de esta patología y la presentación clínica atípica pueden demorar el diagnóstico, lo que aumenta el riesgo de infecciones recurrentes y complicaciones.Se presenta el caso inusual de una adolescente de 13 años con absceso retrofaríngeo debido a una fístula congénita del seno piriforme, tratada de forma exitosa mediante electrocauterización endoscópica.

Pyriform sinus fistulas are rare anomalies of the branchial arches. The most common form of presentation in children and adolescents is acute suppurative thyroiditis and/or recurrent lateral cervical abscesses. However, fistulas can manifest atypically. The rarity of this pathology and the atypical clinical presentation can delay the diagnosis increasing the risk of recurrent infections and complications.We present the unusual case of a 13-year-old teenager with retropharyngeal abscess due to a congenital pyriform sinus fistula successfully treated by endoscopic electrocautery

Fogo em campo cirúrgico - Medidas preventivas para cirurgia palpebral segura / Operating room fire prevention - preventive measures for safe eyelid surgery

Resumo Fogo em campo cirúrgico durante cirurgia palpebral é uma complicação intra-operatória que é dramática tanto para o paciente quanto para a equipe médica. Relatamos um caso de acidente cirúrgico durante cirurgia palpebral onde o paciente sofreu queimadura de supercílio. Houve interação entre o oxigênio usado para sedação (máscara aberta) e uma fonte de ignição representada pelo cautério monopolar. Embora o paciente tenha apresentado boa evolução clínica com recuperação total da lesão cutânea, este caso é um alerta para se evitar tais tipo de ocorrência. Ressaltamos neste trabalho quais as condições implicadas e o modo de prevenção.

Abstract Fire in the surgical field during eyelid surgery is an intra-operative complication that is dramatic for both the patient and the medical staff. It's being reported a case of surgical accident during eyelid surgery where the patient suffered a brow burn. There was interaction between the oxygen used for sedation (open mask) and a source of ignition represented by monopolar cautery. Although the patient presented good clinical evolution with complete recovery of the cutaneous lesion, this case is an alert to avoid such type of occurrence. This work highlights the conditions involved and the way of prevention.

Contamination Rate of Burnt Necrotic Tissue after Electrocoagulation in Total Knee Arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the commonly found catastrophic complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, proper skin cleansing, shortened operative time, and sterility of surgical field and equipment are essential to minimize the risk of PJI. Although bacterial contamination of electrocautery tips has been reported, contamination of residual product of electrocoagulation, burnt necrotic tissue (BNT), is not well known. Therefore, we aimed to assess the contamination rate of BNT and association between contaminated BNT and PJI, and risk factors.METHODS: BNTs from 183 patients who had undergone unilateral primary TKA at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. In each patient, three to five specimens of BNT were routinely collected in the operative field of primary TKA. Collecting time was defined as the duration from start of using the electrocautery device to the first collection of BNT.RESULTS: Culture was positive in eight of 183 patients (4.4%; contaminated BNT group), and the most commonly isolated organism was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (62.5%). The average operative time was 103.1 ± 44.2 minutes in the contaminated BNT group and 79.0 ± 16.7 minutes in the non-contaminated BNT group (p = 0.17), and collecting time was 48.0 ± 44.3 minutes and 29.7 ± 17.0 minutes (p = 0.28), respectively. None of the patients with contaminated BNT developed PJI, whereas four patients with culture-negative BNT developed PJI within 2 postoperative years.CONCLUSIONS: BNT in surgical field can become a reservoir of contaminating bacteria. However, contamination of BNT was not associated with PJI. Therefore, routine removal of all BNTs may be unnecessary.

Efficacy and safety of cryotherapy, cold cone or thermocoagulation compared to LEEP as a therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Systematic review / Eficacia y seguridad de crioterapia, cono frio o termo-coagulación en comparación con LEEP como terapia para la neoplasia intraepitelial cervical: Revisión sistemática

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and safety of the use of cryotherapy, cold knife or thermocoagulation compared to Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. METHODS Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia undergoing treatment with cryotherapy, cold knife, or thermo-coagulation compared with LEEP, to estimate its efficacy and safety. The search was conducted on MEDLINE/PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Scopus, until September 2018. RESULTS The total of 72 studies were identified, of which only 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The treatment of CIN with cold knife decreases the risk of residual disease compared with LEEP (RR, 0.54, 95%CI, 0.30-0.96, p = 0.04). The management of premalignant lesions with cryotherapy, compared with LEEP, increases the risk of disease recurrence by 86% (RR, 1.86, 95%CI, 1.16-2.97, p = 0.01), increases the risk of infections (RR, 1.17, 95%CI, 1.08-1.28, p < 0.001) and reduces the risk of minor bleeding by 51% (RR, 0.49, 95%CI) %, 0.40-0.59, p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The treatment of premalignant lesions of cervical cancer with cold knife reduces the risk of residual disease. Nevertheless, cryotherapy reduces the risk of minor bleeding in the 24 hours after treatment and increases the risk of recurrence of disease and infections.

RESUMEN OBJETIVOS Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del uso de crioterapia, cono frio o termo-coagulación en comparación con el procedimiento de escisión electroquirúrgica en asa (LEEP) para el manejo de neoplasias intraepiteliales cervicales. MÉTODOS Revisión sistemática de ensayos controlados aleatorizados en mujeres con neoplasia intraepitelial cervical en tratamiento con crioterapia, cono frio, o termo coagulación y LEEP, para estimar su eficacia y seguridad. La búsqueda se realizó en MEDLINE/PUBMED, Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados (CENTRAL) y Scopus, hasta setiembre de 2018. RESULTADOS Se identificaron 72 estudios, ocho cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Cono frio disminuyó el riesgo de enfermedad residual en comparación con LEEP (RR 0,54; IC del 95%, 0,30-0,96, p = 0,04). Crioterapia en comparación con LEEP incrementó el riesgo de recurrencia de enfermedad en un 86,0% (RR 1,86; IC del 95%, 1,16-2,97, p = 0,01) con un tiempo de seguimiento de seis a 24 meses, y de infecciones (RR, 1,17; IC del 95%, 1,08-1,28, p < 0,001); pero redujo el riesgo de sangrado menor en un 51,0% (RR 0,49; IC del 95%, 0,40-0,59, p ≤ 0,001). CONCLUSIONES Cono frio reduce el riesgo de enfermedad residual. Sin embargo, la crioterapia reduce el riesgo de sangrado menor en las 24 horas posteriores al tratamiento e incrementa el riesgo de recurrencia de enfermedad y de infecciones.

Comparison of sharp dissection, electrocautery, and ultrasonic activated scalpel with regard to endothelial damage, preparation time, and postoperative bleeding during radial artery harvesting

Abstract Objective: To examine the effects of classical technique, electrocautery, and ultrasonic dissection on endothelial integrity, function, and preparation time for harvesting the radial artery (RA) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: Forty-five patients who underwent isolated CABG and whose RA was suitable for use were studied and divided into three groups: Group 1, classical method (using sharp dissection); Group 2, electrocautery; and Group 3, ultrasonic cautery. Levels of prostacyclin and nitric oxide derivatives were examined biochemically; vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) values were assessed using immunohistochemical staining. RA preparation time, RA length/harvesting time ratio, and drainage amounts at the site of RA removal were compared. Results: Differences in RA preparation time (Group 1: 25±6 min, Group 2: 18±3 min, Group 3: 16±3 min, P<0.001) and length/harvesting time ratio (Group 1: 0.76±0.19 cm/min, Group 2: 0.98±0.16 cm/min, Group 3: 1.13±0.09 cm/min, P<0.001) were statistically significant among the groups. Levels of prostacyclin and nitric oxide derivatives were not statistically significant different, VCAM-1 and eNOS expressions were observed to be similar among the groups, and endothelial damage was detected in only one patient per group. Conclusion: Use of ultrasonic cautery during RA preparation considerably reduces the preparation time and postoperative drainage amount. However, the superiority of one method over the others could not be demonstrated when the presence of endothelial damage with both biochemical and histopathological evaluations was considered.

Inalação da fumaça cirúrgica: coorte de sinais e sintomas em residentes / Inhalación de humo quirúrgico: cohorte de señales y síntomas en residentes / Inhalation of surgical smoke: cohort of signs and symptoms in residents

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os sinais e sintomas apresentados por médicos residentes das clínicas cirúrgicas e anestesiologia expostos à fumaça cirúrgica. Métodos Estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado com médicos residentes expostos a fumaça cirúrgica em um hospital universitário. Houve um acompanhamento durante 17 meses dos residentes ingressantes nos anos de 2015 e 2016, que atendiam aos critérios de estar regularmente matriculado na residência de clínica cirúrgica ou anestesiologia e não ser tabagista. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi composto de dados sociodemográficos e acadêmicos e dos sinais e sintomas relacionados com a inalação da fumaça cirúrgica, citados na literatura. A análise de dados ocorreu de forma descritiva e inferencial, por testes estatísticos e medidas de efeito. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 39 residentes, cuja maioria era do sexo masculino (56,4%) e idade abaixo dos 30 anos (74,3%). Prevaleceram residentes da ginecologia e obstetrícia (30,8%), seguidos de cirurgia geral (28,2%) e anestesiologia (20,5%). Ardência na faringe (p=0,030), náusea e vômito (p=0,018) e irritação dos olhos (p=0,050) incidiram ainda no primeiro ano de residência. O risco de desenvolver ardência de faringe foi 7,765 vezes (p=0,019) no sexo feminino em relação ao masculino. Conclusão Os sinais e sintomas analisados incidiram em até 12 meses do início da residência e o risco de apresentar ardência de faringe foi maior no sexo feminino, o que indica a exposição aos riscos da inalação da fumaça cirúrgica e, portanto, a necessidade de adoção de medidas de proteção individuais e coletivas.

Resumen Objetivo analizar las señales y síntomas presentados por médicos residentes de clínica quirúrgica y anestesiología expuestos al humo quirúrgico. Métodos estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado con médicos residentes expuestos al humo quirúrgico en un hospital universitario. Hubo un seguimiento durante 17 meses de los residentes que ingresaron en 2015 y 2016, que cumplían los criterios de estar regularmente matriculados en la residencia de clínica quirúrgica o anestesiología y no ser fumadores. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue compuesto por datos sociodemográficos y académicos y por señales y síntomas relacionados con la inhalación de humo quirúrgico, citados en la literatura. El análisis de datos se realizó de forma descriptiva e inferencial, por pruebas estadística y medidas de efecto. Resultados la muestra fue compuesta por 39 residentes, cuya mayoría era de sexo masculino (56,4%) y menores de 30 años (74,3%). Prevalecieron residentes de ginecología y obstetricia (30,8%), seguidos de cirugía general (28,2%) y anestesiología (20,5%). Ardor de faringe (p=0,030), náuseas y vómitos (p=0,018) e irritación de ojos (p=0,050) incidieron en el primer año de residencia. El riesgo de desarrollar ardor de faringe fue 7,765 veces (p=0,019) en el sexo femenino con relación al masculino. Conclusión las señales y síntomas analizados incidieron hasta 12 meses desde el inicio de la residencia y el riesgo de presentar ardor de faringe fue mayor en el sexo femenino, lo que indica una exposición a los riesgos de inhalación de humo quirúrgico y, por lo tanto, la necesidad de adoptar medidas de protección individuales y colectivas.

Abstract Objective To analyze the signs and symptoms presented by doctors in surgery and anesthesiology residency programs exposed to surgical smoke. Method Prospective cohort study with resident doctors exposed to surgical smoke in a teaching hospital. There was 17-month follow-up of residents from the years 2015 and 2016, who met the criteria of being regularly enrolled in a surgery or anesthesiology residency and not being a smoker. The data collection instrument was composed of sociodemographic, academic data and the signs and symptoms related to the inhalation of surgical smoke, cited in the literature. The data analysis was descriptive and inferential, by statistical tests and measures of effect. Results The sample consisted of 39 residents, of which most were male (56.4%) and below 30 years old (74.3%). There was a prevalence of gynecology and obstetrics residents (30.8%), followed by general surgery (28.2%) and anesthesiology (20.5%). Burning in the pharynx (p=0.030), nausea and vomiting (p=0.018) and eye irritation (p=0.050) occurred in the first year of residence. The risk of developing burning in the pharynx was 7.765 times greater (p=0.019) in females when compared to males. Conclusion The signs and symptoms analyzed occurred within 12 months of the beginning of the course and the risk of burning in the pharynx was higher in females, which indicates exposure to the risks of inhalation of surgical smoke and, therefore, points to the need for the adoption of individual and collective protection measures.

Signs and symptoms related to inhalation of surgical smoke in the nursing team / Signos y síntomas relacionados con la inhalación del humo quirúrgico en el equipo de enfermería / Sinais e sintomas relacionados à inalação da fumaça cirúrgica na equipe de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the prevalence of signs and symptoms related to inhalation of surgical smoke among surgical technologists and non-surgical technologists nursing professionals. Method: A cross-sectional study with 46 professionals from a university hospital. To evaluate the prevalence, an instrument with signs/symptoms related to the inhalation of electrocautery smoke was used. To verify the comparison between the prevalence of signs/symptoms, the Fisher's exact test was performed. Results: Higher prevalence of all signs/symptoms among surgical technologists, with a statistically significant difference between the act of instrumenting with the presence of at least one signs/symptoms related to inhalation of surgical smoke (p=0.01); eye irritation (p=0.02); irritation of nasal mucosa and oral cavity (p=0.03); headache (p=0.04). Conclusion: The presence of problems related to surgical smoke in nursing workers elicits more attention. Implications for practice: Health units must be aware of the risk of such exposure and take measures to preventing it.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar la prevalencia de signos y síntomas relacionados a la inhalación del humo quirúrgico entre trabajadores de enfermería instrumentadores y no-instrumentadores. Método: Estudio transversal realizado con 46 trabajadores en un hospital universitario. Para evaluación de la prevalencia, se utilizó un instrumento con signos/síntomas relacionados con la inhalación del humo del electrocauterio. Para la comparación entre prevalencia de signos/síntomas, fue realizada la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: Mayor prevalencia de todos los signos/síntomas entre instrumentadores, con diferencia estadísticamente significante entre el acto de instrumentar con la presencia de por lo menos un signo/síntomas relacionado con la inhalación del humo quirúrgico (p=0,01); irritación en los ojos (p = 0,02); de mucosa nasal y cavidad oral (p=0,03); cefalea (p=0,04). Conclusión: La presencia de problemas relacionados al humo quirúrgico en instrumentadores suscita mayor cuidado. Implicaciones para la práctica: Unidades de salud deben considerar los riesgos de esta exposición y adoptar medidas de prevención.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a prevalência de sinais e sintomas relacionados à inalação da fumaça cirúrgica entre trabalhadores de enfermagem instrumentadores e não-instrumentadores. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com 46 trabalhadores em um hospital universitário. Para avaliação da prevalência, foi utilizado um instrumento com sinais e sintomas relacionados à inalação da fumaça do eletrocautério. Para a comparação entre a prevalência dos sinais/sintomas, realizou-se o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: Maior prevalência de todos os sinais/sintomas entre profissionais que instrumentam, com diferença estatisticamente significante entre o ato de instrumentar com a presença de pelo menos um sinal/sintoma relacionado à inalação da fumaça cirúrgica (p=0,01); irritação nos olhos (p=0,02); da mucosa nasal e cavidade oral (p=0,03); cefaleia (p=0,04). Conclusão: A presença de problemas relacionados à fumaça cirúrgica em instrumentadores suscita maior atenção. Implicações para a prática: As unidades de saúde devem tomar ciência do risco dessa exposição e adotar medidas de prevenção a este risco.

Impact of technical innovation on surgical outcome of laparoscopic major liver resection: 10 years' experience at a large-volume center

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic major liver resection (major LLR) remains a challenging procedure because of the technical difficulty. Several significant technical innovations have been applied in our center since 2012. They include routine application of bipolar electrocautery, initiation of temporary increase of intra-abdominal pressure during bleeding events from veins to balance the central venous pressure, and use of temporary inflow control of the Glissonean pedicle. This study evaluated the impact of these technique modifications in patients with major LLR. METHODS: Between January 2004 and February 2015, a total of 606 patients underwent LLR at Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. Major LLR was employed in 233 cases. All major LLR procedures were anatomical resections performed with a totally laparoscopic approach. We compared surgical parameters of right hepatectomy (RH), left hepatectomy (LH), and right posterior sectionectomy (RPS) before and after 2012. RESULTS: Open conversion rates of RH and LH and estimated blood loss in RPS significantly decreased after 2012. The postoperative complication rate of major LLR was 12.7% and was similar before and after 2012. Bile leakage was the most common complication (3.2%). CONCLUSION: The modifications of surgical techniques resulted in good outcomes for laparoscopic major LLR. We recommend routine application of these techniques to improve outcomes, especially in patients requiring major liver resection.

When do we need more than local compression to control intraoral haemorrhage?

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine the effectiveness of local compression in patients presenting to the emergency room with intraoral bleeding and to identify when complex haemostatic measures may be required.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five hundred forty patients who had experienced intraoral haemorrhage were retrospectively reviewed. The outcome variable was the haemostasis method used, i.e., simple (local compression with gauze) or complex (an alternative method after local compression has failed). Predictor variables were sex, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, hepatic cirrhosis, bleeding disorder, use of antithrombotic agents, and site/cause of haemorrhage.RESULTS: The mean patient age was 48.9±23.9 years, 53.5% were male, 42.8% were ASA class II or higher, and 23.7% were taking antithrombotic agents. Local compression was used most often (68.1%), followed by local haemostatic agents, sutures, systemic tranexamic acid or blood products, and electrocautery. The most common site of bleeding was the gingiva (91.7%), and the most common cause was tooth extraction (45.7%). Risk factors for needing a complex haemostasis method were use of antithrombotic agents (odds ratio 2.047, P=0.009) and minor oral surgery (excluding extraction and implant procedures; odds ratio 6.081, P=0.001).CONCLUSION: A haemostasis method other than local compression may be needed in patients taking antithrombotic agents or having undergone minor oral surgery.

Ten Thousand Consecutive Gastrectomies for Gastric Cancer: Perspectives of a Master Surgeon

As radical gastrectomy with lymph node dissection is currently the best strategy to cure gastric cancer, the role of the surgeon remains quite important in conquering it. Dr. Sung Hoon Noh, a surgeon and surgical oncologist specializing in gastric cancer, has treated gastric cancer for 30 years and has conducted over 10000 cases of gastrectomy for gastric cancer. He first adapted an electrocautery device into gastric cancer surgery and has led standardization of surgical procedures, including spleen preserving gastrectomy. His procedures based on patient-oriented insights have become the basis of the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery. He has also contributed to improving patient's survival through adoption of a multidisciplinary approach: he proved the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy after radical D2 gastrectomy for stage II/III gastric cancer in clinical trials, updating treatment guidelines throughout the world. Dr. Noh also opened the era of precision medicine for treating gastric cancer, as he developed and validated a mRNA expression based algorithm to predict prognosis and response to chemotherapy. This article reviews his contribution and long history of service in the field of gastric cancer. The perspectives of this master surgeon, based on his profound experience and insights, will outline directions for integrative multidisciplinary health care and how can surgeons prepare for the future.

Congenital cutaneous pedicled macrocystic lymphatic malformation on the upper extremity: A rare case report and review of the literature

Congenital cystic lymphatic malformations on the extremities are very rare. The patient described in this case study presented with a cutaneous and pedicled macrocystic lymphatic malformation that was eliminated by electrocauterization. A 4-day-old female infant with a congenital cutaneous mass on the dorsal area of her left first metacarpophalangeal joint presented to an outpatient clinic. An electrocautery device was used to cut the pedicle gently with minimal bleeding to avoid mass rupture and to minimize morbidity. A simple wet dressing was applied for 1 week, and the wound subsequently healed completely. Cutaneous macrocystic lymphatic malformations are very rare, especially on the extremities, and no consensus exists on their treatment, which has not been previously described. This report presents this rare case, along with a review of the literature.

Ultrasonographic assessment of experimentally induced gastric perforation in beagle dogs / 대한수의학회지

The goals of this study were, first, to evaluate the feasibility of inducing gastric perforation with 99% alcohol injection after electrocautery (EA-method), and, second, to observe “enhanced peritoneal stripe sign (EPSS)” and other lesions upon induction of gastric perforation. Six clinically normal beagle dogs were prepared for gastric perforation using endoscopy. After gastric perforation, EPSS and other lesions on ultrasonography were observed eventually (at 0 h, 3 h, day 1, day 2, day 3, day 4, day 5, and day 6). We graded the EPSS depending on its width and number. EPSS was observed until day 4 of the examination in all the 6 dogs. The grades of EPSS were the highest at 3 h and declined gradually. Peritoneal effusion was observed in all dogs at 3 h and on day 1. Regional bright mesenteric fat was confirmed in all dogs on days 3 and 4. In conclusion, gastric perforation can be induced by EA-method. EPSS and peritoneal effusion appear at a very early stage, and regional bright mesenteric fat was identified on days 3 and 4 in almost all dogs with gastric perforation.

Operation Room Fire: Caution for Using Electrocautery after Rinsing Operation Field at the End of the Surgery with Alcohol-Based Cleansing Solutions

Long-Term Evaluation of Nasal Septoplasty Followed by Inferior Turbinate Cauterization for the Treatment of Nasal Obstruction Using Objective and Subjective Methods

Abstract Introduction Nasal septoplasty is considered the treatment of choice for nasal obstruction due to septal deviation. An ongoing discussion among rhinologists is whether it is reasonable to perform objective measurements of nasal patency pre or postoperatively routinely. Objective The primary aim of this study was to identify the short- and long-term functional benefits for patients undergoing septal surgery, as assessed by acoustic rhinometry (AR). The secondary goal was to evaluate the short- and long-term perception of symptom relief and disease-specific quality of life (QoL) outcomes on the part of the patients. Methods This was a prospective observational study in which AR was utilized for the assessment of nasal patency preoperatively and 1, 6 and 36months after septoplasty. Total 40 patients who underwent septoplasty filled out the Nasal Obstruction Septoplasty Effectiveness (NOSE) questionnaire and the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) to assess their subjective improvement in nasal obstruction symptoms and the changes in their QoL. Results There were statistically significant improvements in nasal patency, mean postoperative NOSE and GBI scores postoperatively. However, there was no correlation between the mean NOSE and GBI scores and the AR measurements. Furthermore, the GBI scores tended to decrease as the postoperative period increased. Conclusion The present study confirms that septoplasty significantly increases nasal patency and causes a significant subjective improvement in nasal obstruction symptoms. The absence of a statistically significant correlation among the objective measurements, the symptom scores, and the patients' low GBI scores indicates that factors other than the anatomical findings may also contribute to the patients' perception of QoL.